MEIR BEN ISAAC SHELI'AH ZIBBUR — MEIR BEN ISAAC SHELI AḤ ẒIBBUR (also called Nehorai; d. before 1096), preacher and liturgical poet of Worms. Meir was considered authoritative in the sphere of liturgy and custom among the Franco German communities. He appears also to have… … Encyclopedia of Judaism
MUSIC — This article is arranged according to the following outline: introduction written sources of direct and circumstantial evidence the material relics and iconography notated sources oral tradition archives and important collections of jewish music… … Encyclopedia of Judaism
BARUCH — BARUCH, name of several kabbalists. BARUCH SHELI AḤ ẒIBBUR TOGARMI. Baruch Sheli aḥ ẓibbur Togarmi, as is suggested by his cognomen Togarmi, was a cantor of eastern origin. He wrote a treatise, extant in several manuscripts (Paris, Oxford, New… … Encyclopedia of Judaism
KADDISH — (Aram. קַדִּישׁ; holy ), a doxology, most of it in Aramaic, recited with congregational responses at the close of individual sections of the public service and at the conclusion of the service itself. There are four main types of Kaddish: (a) THE … Encyclopedia of Judaism
ḤAZZAN — (pl. Ḥazzanim) (Heb. חַזָּנִים ,חַזָּן), cantor officiating in a synagogue; used in this specific sense since the Middle Ages. History of Role and Function The word frequently occurs in talmudic sources, where it denotes various types of communal … Encyclopedia of Judaism
MARRIAGE — This article is arranged according to the following outline: the concept in the bible in sectarian teaching in rabbinic literature in medieval and modern times marriage ceremony in the bible in the talmud post talmudic period the marriage… … Encyclopedia of Judaism
BAREKHU — (Heb. בָּרְכוּ), opening word of the call to worship by the sheli aḥ ẓibbur at the formal beginning of the daily morning and evening services. The full invocation is Barekhu et Adonai ha mevorakh ( Bless ye the Lord who is (to be) blessed ). The… … Encyclopedia of Judaism
COMMUNITY — antiquity middle ages character and structures functions and duties individual centers the muslim caliphate in the east … Encyclopedia of Judaism
HYGIENE — The conception of personal cleanliness as both a prerequisite of holiness and an aid to physical fitness is central to Jewish tradition. Many of the biblical commandments promote hygiene, though their stated intention was ritual purity rather… … Encyclopedia of Judaism
LITURGY — has conventionally been understood as the words that Jews recite in public worship. While written words are almost all that remains from earlier times, the study of liturgy today understands that the ways that these words are performed shapes… … Encyclopedia of Judaism
